Mohan Lal Sukhadia University’s Department of Sociology was established in 1964. The Department of Sociology has always been the most reputed department at the university. The Department has been enriched by the leadership of stalwarts like Prof. B.R. Chauhan, Prof. O.P. Sharma, Prof. B.K. Lavaniya, Prof. S.L. Doshi, Prof. N.K. Bhargav,Prof. C.L. Sharma, and Prof. Mohan Advani. The Department of Sociology was established under the headship of Professor B.R. Chauhan. He handled the department for just over a year. Prof. B.R. Chauhan primarily contributed to studies of Rajasthan Villages. A Rajasthan Village, Rural-urban articulations, and Rural Life: Grassroots Perspectives are some important books by Prof. Chauhan. After Prof. Chauhan, Dr. K. L. Bhatia (1965–66) and O.P. Sharma (1966–75) led the department as head. From 1975 onwards, it was Prof. B. K. Lavania who took over the headship; he wrote one book.

Professor K. L. Sharma, a renowned Sociologist in India, also worked for a short spell of time as a lecturer in this Department. Prof. Sharma’s area of specialization is social stratification and social mobility, and he has written 27 books on various aspects. UGC honored Prof. Sharma in 2002 with the ‘Swami Parnavanand Saraswati’ award for his contribution to the disciplines of Sociology and Social Anthropology.

Prof. S.L. Doshi served this department for a long time. Prof. Doshi had written 32 books. He was focused on tribal society and their problems in his writings. Prof. Doshi contributed to Rajasthan sociology through his writings on sociological thoughts, postmodern theories, postmodern thinkers, etc. Prof. N.K. Bhargav enhances the department with his valuable contributions on mass media and society, family in India, Globalisation, social theories, etc. Prof. C.L. Sharma enriched the department with his work on political Sociology, research methodology, and social theories. He had published five books. Prof. Mohan Advani contributed to this department through his acknowledged work on displacement, population studies, the social system of hospitals, patient-Doctor relationships, etc. Prof. Monica Nagori’s major work was on mass media. Prof. Balveer Singh’s area of specialisation was medical Sociology.

Since its inception, the department has launched undergraduate and postgraduate programmes, as well as M.Phil. and Ph.D. programmes. Departmental faculty members have always been involved in teaching and research. The courses in the department are frequently revised as per the needs of the students and the UGC's latest curriculum. Presently, the department also runs B.A. honours courses. The department has sanctioned seven faculty members: one professor, one Associate professor, and five Assistant Professors.

At present five faculty members served at the department: one is the professor P.M. Yadav, and four Assistant professors are Dr. Sumitra Sharma, Dr. Raju Singh, Dr. Sangeeta Athwal, and Dr. Rajkumari Ahir. All faculty members are engaged in their research work on various aspects like Social stratification, social mobility, gender studies, village studies, folk studies, displacement, criminology, medical sociology, etc.

The Department is also assigned the population study centre by the government of Indian, Ministry of Health. The first director of this centre has been Professor Mohan Advani. There are several works which have been prepared and circulated to the Indian Sociological departments, the findings and work have been used for the research purposes of Dept. of Sociology